Welcome to Journal of The Chemical Society Of PakistanJournal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan (JCSP) is a bimonthly Journal which publishes results of original, unpublished research work and review articles in all fields of Chemistry.
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Synthesis X-Ray Crystallography and Antimicrobial
SHER WALI KHAN, JAVED HUSSAIN ZAIDI, SAMMER YOUSUF, KHALID MOHAMMED KHAN, NIDA AMBREEN, MOMIN KHAN, SHAHNAZ PERVEEN, GHULAM ABBAS MIANA
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Twenty four chiral protected and deprotected amides were synthesized by using
commercially available L-tartaric acid, having two asymmetric centers and C2 axis of symmetry. In
the synthetic sequence, diacid functionality of L-tartaric acid was protected as dimethyl ester and
dihydroxy groups as acetonoid. The partial hydrolysis of acetonoid of dimethyl ester gives the
corresponding monoesters. Monoester upon treatment with different substituted aromatic amines
gave desired amides (1a-1l). Amides (1a-1l) afforded compounds (2a-2l) after reacting with acetyl
chrloride and methanol. All the compounds were purified and characterized by using sophisticated
spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. The structure of
compounds 1a and 2l were unambiguously obtained by X-ray crystallography. Protected (1a-1l) and
deprotected amides (2a-2l) were tested for their antimicrobial activities at different concentrations
against different strains of bacteria and fungi and found to be antimicrobial.
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Manufacturing F-Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortars Using CFBC
Bottom Ash as Fine Aggregates
QIN LI, CHEN CHEN, LIFENG SHEN JIANPING ZHAI
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This paper presents a study on F-fly ash based geopolymer mortars using CFBC bottom
ash as fine aggregates. The alkali activators were sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide and potassium
hydroxide solutions. The study included the impact of aggregates addition amount, alkali activator,
aggregate type on compressive as well as of flexural strength. The original materials and reaction
products were analysed by XRD, FT-IR and SEM/EDS and a leaching system was conducted to
measure the reactivity of CFBC bottom ash in alkaline solution. Best physics strength could be got
when addition amount is 0.75-1.25 (WCFBC bottom ash: Wfly ash). Sodium hydroxide solution shows better
performance than potassium hydroxide in the gaining of strength. Sodium silica solution could
greatly improve the strength and the best value was obtained when modulus is 1.2. The mortars
prepared by CFBC bottom ash exhibited higher strength than the one by standard sand. The
compressive and flexural strength of mortars were up to 60MPa and 10MPa. The main product of
reaction was amorphous alkali aluminosilicate gel and denser microstructures could be obtained by
using CFBC bottom ash as aggregates
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Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of the fungus Noduliosporium sp.
Isolated from Dittrichia viscose
MAMONA NAZIR, NAHEED RIAZ, MUHAMMAD ASHRAF, SYEDA ABIDA EJAZ MUHAMMAD SALEEM, ISHTIAQ AHMAD, HIDAYAT HUSSAIN, BARBARA SCHULZ, SIEGFRIED DRAEGER, ABDUL JABBAR AND KARSTEN KROHN
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The culture extract of the fungus Nodulisporium sp. # 9897, on chromatographic
purification yielded 16-hydroxyisopimar-7-en-18-oic acid: nodulerterpene (1) along with
cytochalasine C (2), D (3), canabiside B (4), ergosterol (5), 24-methylcholesta-7,22-E-diene-3β,5α-
diol-6-one (6), (24R)-24-methyl-5α-cholest-7-ene-3β,5,6β-triol (7) and uracil (8). The structures of
all the compounds were established with the help of spectroscopic analysis including 1D, 2D NMR
data and high resolution mass spectrometry and or in comparison with the published literature. The
isolates 1-4 showed mild activity against tested gram positive and gram negative pathogens.
Nodulerterpene (1) also exhibited weak inhibitory activity against acetylcholinestrase (AChE),
butrylcholinestrase (BChE) and lipoxegenase (LOX).
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Fabric Tensile Strength as Affected by Different A
MUHAMMAD QAMAR TUSIEF, NASIR MAHMOOD, NABEEL AMIN
AND MUHAMMAD SALEEM
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Pilling is a phenomenon that has a long cause trouble in textile industry. It is the
formation of pills or knops on the surface of woven or knitted fabrics caused by friction and abrasion.
If fabric has a pronounced tendency to pilling, their appearances suffer severely after a short period
of use. The pilling of fabrics is a serious problem for the apparel industry. The use of anti pilling
finishes is one of the best techniques to control the pilling of the fabric. In this method fabric is
treated with special anti pilling agents to prevent pilling that promote adhesion of the fibres in the
yarn or the fabric. This paper endeavors to optimize the application of different anti pilling agents at
different concentration and pH levels on the Tensile Strength of P/C fabric for best results. The
results exposed that different anti pilling finishes have significant effects on the Tensile Strength of
fabric at different concentration level however different pH levels have no considerable effects.
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Evaluation of Thermal Stability of Some Organically Modified Clays
MOHAMMAD SHAKIRULLAH, IMTIAZ AHMAD, MUHAMMAD ISHAQ AND HAMEED ULLAH
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The paper is focused on the influence of some organic modifiers on the thermal stability
of the clay-organic intercalates. The organic modifiers used were rubber, coal, thermosetting plastic,
polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride Melt intercalation procedure was used. Modification with organic
modifiers was performed at 400 oC. TG-DTA study was performed to evaluate the thermal stability
of the resultant intercalates. Thermal properties were improved significantly in case of organically
modified clay samples. Among the modifiers used, poly styrene proved very effective in case of
crude clay while in case of pre baked clay, intercalation with rubber caused significant improvement
in thermal stability. Thus, such intercalations are suggested to be effective if the clays under study
are to be used at elevated temperature.
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Calculation of Rate Constant of Dimerization of an Electrochemically Generated Species
MAHBOOB MOHAMMAD, LUBNA NAZ, ASMA RAUF, SABA RAUF
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The rate constant for the dimerization process of an electrochemically generated species- (methyl viologen radical cation MV+•), have been determined by linear scan/ cyclic voltammetry technique. Methyl viologen radical cation MV+•, an unstable radical cation, is known to undergo dimerization process in aqueous solution. Nicholson and Shain theory and equation for ErCi with the appropriate approximation was used for the evaluation of dimerization kinetic parameter(s). The bimolecular rate constant for the dimerization process of methyl viologen radical cation, was found to be 4.3 ( 1.0) × 104 M-1s-1 for the ErCi formalism. The results are consistent with the values reported earlier in the literature
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Determination of Kinetic Constants from Tests of Reducibility and their
Application for Modelling in Metallurgy
PAVLINA PUSTEJOVSKA, SIMONA JURSOVA, BROZOVA SILVIE
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The paper analyses details for renewal of the research in blast furnace process within
Research Centre ENET at VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava. A newly established laboratory
for reducibility testing is an impuls to overcome the former limits and renew a research in its
coherence after years. The paper deals with the possibilities of optimization of blast furnace
operation. In the introduction, it sums up different approaches how to model blast furnace operation.
It discusses the variety of optimal operation for different kinds of iron making technologies. It
evaluates reduction course and reducing gas consumption in the stack of reduction aggregate. In the
experimental, it creates kinetics model of blast furnace operating using Matlab mathematical library.
It determines kinetic and heat limits of carbon consumption for different process conditions.
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Novel QSAR Combination Forecast Model for Insect Repellent Coupling Support
Vector Regression and K-Nearest-Neighbor
LI-FENG WANG, XIAN-SHENG TAN, ZHE-MING YUAN, LIAN-YANG BAI
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To improve the precision of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)
modeling for aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives insect repellent, a novel nonlinear combination
forecast model was proposed integrating support vector regression (SVR) and K-nearest neighbor
(KNN): Firstly, search optimal kernel function and nonlinearly select molecular descriptors by the
rule of minimum MSE value using SVR. Secondly, illuminate the effects of all descriptors on
biological activity by “multi-round enforcement resistance-selection”. Thirdly, construct the submodels
with predicted values of different KNN. Then, get the optimal kernel and corresponding
retained sub-models through subtle selection. Finally, make prediction with leave-one-out (LOO)
method in the basis of reserved sub-models. Compared with previous widely used models, our work
shows significant improvement in modeling performance, which demonstrates the superiority of the
present combination forecast model.
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Study of Co (II) and Cr (VI) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by CaCO3
FRANCISCO GRANADOS-CORREA, ELIZABETH GARCÍA ALCÁNTARA, JAIME JIMÉNEZ-BECERRIL
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Calcium carbonate was synthesized, characterized, and utilized in water purification.
The adsorption of Co(II) and Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions in CaCO3 was studied as a function
of different optimal conditions, such as contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature,
at fixed solid/solution rations by using batch adsorption experiments. Characterization studies
confirmed that synthesized CaCO3 is crystalline with a high phase purity and specific surface area of
9.68 m2/g. The kinetic processes of the systems were described in order to provide a more clear
interpretation of the rate of adsorption mechanism. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-
Radushkevich isotherms were used as the model adsorption equilibrium data. The maximum
amounts (qmax) of Co(II) and Cr(VI) adsorbed in CaCO3 were 2.29 and 1.06 x 10-2 mg/g,
respectively. The pseudo-second order kinetic model was found to better fit the experimental data
measured for both metallic ions. The adsorption processes of both systems were adjusted by the
Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption energies calculated from Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm show
that the adsorption processes were physical in nature. Based on the thermodynamic data of ΔH°, ΔS°
and ΔG obtained, it can be concluded that the processes of Co(II) and Cr(VI) ion adsorption in
CaCO3, were endothermic, spontaneous, and are the result of physical adsorption process. These
features make the CaCO3 a potential adsorbent for both Co(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption from
wastewater
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Simultaneous Determination of Five Flavonoids in Saussurea involucrata by
Capillary Electrophoresis
YUMEI LI, HAO ZHONG*
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A method of determination of five flavonoids in Saussurea involucrata by β-cyclodextrin
modified capillary zone electrophoresis has been developed．The effects of buffer pH and buffer
concentration, applied voltage and β-CD concentrations on the separation were systematically
investigated. The optimum condition providing baseline separation of all compounds within 8 min
was obtained in the 20 mmol⋅l-1 borax buffer (pH 9.2), 20 kV applied voltage and 8 mmol⋅l-1 β-CD.
The linearity, detection limits, limits of quantification, reproducibility and recovery were satisfactory.
The β-cyclodextrin modified capillary zone electrophoresis method proposed here has been
satisfactorily employed to analyze S. involucrate samples.
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