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Anti-Cancer Activity of Tectona hamiltoniana-An En
KHIN MAR MYA, SAJAN LAL SHYAULA, BISHNU PRSAD MARASINI, AHSANA DAR AND MUHAMMAD IQBAL CHOUDHARY
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The ethanolic extracts of barks and leaves of Tectona hamiltoniana (Verbenaceae) were tested for anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 (Human breast cancer) and NCI-H460 (Lung cancer) cell lines employing sulphorhodamine B (SRB) bioassay. These extracts demonstrated cytotoxicity with GI50 values ranging between 24-33 µg/mL against both cell lines. Upon further fractionation, dichloromethane fraction appeared to be most active against the MCF-7 cell line (GI50 value of 3.4±0.9 µg/mL) leading to the isolation of lupane type triterpenoids, betulinic acid (1), betulin aldehyde (2) and betulin (3). Compound 2 and 3, both showed significant cytotoxic effect against both cancerous cell lines (GI50 value range 6-11µM).
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Adsorptive Removal of Congo Red and Sunset Yellow
AADIL ABBAS, RABIA REHMAN, SHAHZAD MURTAZA, UMER SHAFIQUE, AMBREEN ZAHID AND RABIA AYUB
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In this research work two anionic dyes, i.e. Congo Red and Sunset Yellow were removed successfully from aqueous media by Lady Finger stem in batch mode. Operational conditions optimization showed that agitation speed and particle size did not affect much in adsorption of these dyes; but contact time, pH, adsorbent dose and temperature of system effects the adsorption rate. Optimized conditions of adsorption for Congo Red dye were: 40 minute contact time, 8.0 pH, 0.5 g adsorbent dose, 40-60 microns mesh sized particles, 150 rpm agitation speed and 50 ºC temperature. Whereas for Sunset Yellow optimized conditions were: 30 minute contact time, 2.0 pH, 2.5 g adsorbent dose, 20-40 microns mesh sized particles, 50 rpm agitation speed and 30 ºC temperature. Suitability of equilibrium data was modulated with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models and found that both physiosorption and chemisorption processes play important role in adsorption of these dyes by Lady Finger stem. The results demonstrated that Lady Finger stem can be efficiently employed on larger scale wastewater treatment.
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Electrochemical Behavior of an Analgesic
INAM-UL-HAQUE, SAIMA IDREES AND ASHI RASHID
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Electro-oxidation of naproxen sodium was carried out using cyclic, normal pulse and differential pulse voltammetry in a solvent mixture supporting electrolyte system, at platinum and glassy carbon electrode, respectively. Naproxen sodium exhibited well-defined and irreversible peaks in 90 % acetonitrile containing 0.1M sodium perchlorate. Naproxen sodium underwent one electron transfer resulting in the formation of cation radical for the first electro-oxidation step followed by other chemical and electrochemical steps involving removal of another electron and attack of nucleophile (ECEC mechanism). The influence of interference compounds namely α- naphthylamine was also investigated at platinum electrode only, versus silver/silver chloride saturated potassium chloride.
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Gas Chromatography-flame Ionization Determination
HOSSEIN ALI MASHAYEKHI, MOHAMMAD REZAEE, SHIRIN SADEGHI GARMAROUDI, KHALIL POURSHAMSIAN AND SEYED JAVAD AHMADI
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In this study, simple and efficient ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography (GC) was developed for the preconcentration and determination of benzaldehyde in injectable formulations of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diclofenac, Vitamin B-complex and Voltaren injection solutions. Fourteen microliters of toluene was injected slowly into 10 mL home-designed centrifuge glass vial containing an aqueous sample without salt addition that was located inside the ultrasonic water bath. The formed emulsion was centrifuged and 2 µL of separated toluene was injected into a gas chromatographic system equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for analysis. Several factors influencing the extraction efficiency as the nature and volume of organic solvent, extraction temperature, ionic strength and centrifugation time were investigated and optimized. Using optimum extraction conditions a detection limit of 0.3 µg L-1 and a good linearity in a calibration range of 2.0-1000 µg L-1 were achieved for analyte. This proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of benzaldehyde in three injection formulations and relative standard deviation (RSD) of analysis (n=3), before spiking with standard benzaldehyde were 3.3, 2.0 and 1.3% for Na-diclofenac, vitamin B-complex and voltaren, respectively and after spiking of standard benzaldehyde (0.3 mg L-1), the RSD were 6.5, 3.6 and 2.8% for Na-diclofenac, vitamin B-complex and voltaren, respectively.
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Characterization of Coal Samples from Dasal-I Coal
FAZAL WAHID, IMDAD ULLAH MOHAMMADZAI, NAUMAN ALI, MUHAMMAD TAHIR SHAH AND HIZBULLAH KHAN
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Characterization of coal from Dasal coal mine Khyber pukatunkwa, Pakistan. Coal samples were collected from 50, 100, 150, 175, 200 and 250 feet. Coal samples were crushed, grounded and screened through 250 μm sieves shaker. Proximate and ultimate analysis of coal showed that these coals were of low grade from sub-bituminous to bituminous. Sulphur content from Dasal coal mine was less as compared with other mines in Pakistan. Leaching of coal led to significant amount of mineral matter with hydrochloric acid (HCl), ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrofluoric acid (HF), sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Among the leachants HCl was most effective for copper, iron, chromium and cobalt. In case of CH3COONH4 no significant leaching was made. HNO3 and NaOH also resulted average leaching while, HF was found to be a good leachant for lead, nickel and zinc. Most of inorganic elements were effectively leached by digestion as compared to other leachants.
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Physicochemical Profile of Ground Water in Bahawal
KARAMAT MEHMOOD, UMER YOUNAS, SHAHID IQBAL, MUHAMMAD ASHRAF SHAHEEN, ABDUL SAMAD AND SAQIB IBNUL HASSAN
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Analysis of ground water of Bahawalpur city, Pakistan, has been made to evaluate its suitability for domestic use. Water samples from populated areas of the city were subjected to various physicochemical investigations. Physical properties of ground water were assessed by determining color, odor, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved salts (TDS), alkalinity, hardness and dissolved oxygen (DO). Whereas, its chemical nature was evaluated by estimating pH, Cl-, F-, NO3-, SO4-2, Cl-, F-, essential (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and heavy (Fe, Ni, Cr, As, Pb) metals. The presence of coliform bacteria was also checked and 75% samples were found contaminated. The analysis of physicochemical data, with reference to PSI and WHO standards, revealed that some of the estimated parameters were well within the limit, while others exceeded hydrochemical standards. The data was also subjected to correlation study to check the association among estimated parameters. Relation of important water quality parameters with pH was sketched graphically to understand variation in their amount with the change in pH. The study suggests proper treatment of ground water to ensure citizen’s safety from hazardous effects associated with elevated concentration of toxic components.
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Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Herbicidal Activi
JIAN-QUAN WENG, LEI WANG AND XING-HAI LIU
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A new triazole compound, C16H11Cl2N3O, was synthesized and the crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The crystal symmetry is monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, with a = 15.710(10) Å, b = 9.969(6) Å, c = 10.800(7) Å, α = 90°, β = 103.271(11)°, γ = 90°. The herbicidal activity of the title compound was determined showing a good herbicidal activity.
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Antifungal, Antibacterial, Phytotoxic and Cytotoxi
AZIZUDDIN, IFFAT MAHMOOD, MUHAMMAD IQBAL CHOUDHARY AND KHALID MOHAMMED KHAN
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The secondary metabolite, casticin (1) was isolated from a medicinal plant, Vitex agnus-castus, which is widely used in traditional medicines against various diseases. The structure of the compound 1 was identified with the help of modern spectroscopic techniques. The compound 1 was screened for its antifungal, antibacterial, phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities. Casticin (1) was found to have moderate antifungal activity against Trichophyton schoenleinii, Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton simii and Fusarium oxysporum var. lycopersici (tomato) whereas no antibacterial and phytotoxic activities were found against the tested bacteria and Lemna aequinoctialis welv, respectively. Preliminary cytotoxicity tests were done with the casticin (1) using the larvae of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. Compound 1 however found to be relatively non-toxic.
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A Convenient Synthesis of Bioactive 5-Arylidenebar
EJAZ AHMED, AHSAN SHARIF, SHUMAILA CHOHAN, MISBAHUL AIN KHAN, MUNAWAR ALI MUNAWAR, ALEEZA FARRUKH, ROBINA BEGUM, NIGHAT AFZA, MUHAMMAD ASHRAF AND SHAFIA ARSHAD
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A convenient one pot green chemistry route has been developed for the synthesis of 5-arylidenebarbiturates by way of an acetic acid catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of a variety of aromatic aldehydes with barbituric acid. The target compounds were obtained in 50-90 % yield and characterized by elemental analysis and different spectral techniques such as IR, NMR and EIMS. All of these were screened for antimicrobial activity.
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Synthesis of Symmetrical 1, 4-Dihydropyridine Deri
JIAN ZHANG, CHENGXIANG SHANG AND LONGFEI JIN
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symmetrical 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives 4(a-o) were synthesized in ionic liquid [Bmim]Cl•AlCl3 for 2-4 h with the 70%-90% yield, and the ionic liquid could be utilized for 5 times repeatedly with the no decrease of the yield.
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