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The Batch Stirred Tank Reactor (BSTR) has been commonly used for decades in the chemical process industries and even on a pilot plant or laboratory scale whenever expensive and delicate raw materials and products such as pharmaceuticals or fragile transition metal complexes are involved. This research article describes the details of isothermal BSTR and subsequent experimental validation of the rate law discovered in the previous paper of this series on the electron transfer reaction between Co(II) and chlorate ions in acetic acid solution. A Series of tests were performed to evaluate the effi..read more
Mahwish M. Khan
- 16 Aug 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO4, AUG-2024
- Pages: 323
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The preparation of soap from extracted date seed oil along with anti-microbial activities, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and physio-chemical properties comprise the areas examined by the methodology implemented in this research. Ascertaining the fatty acid content in such date seed oil embodies the research objective of this investigation. Color Criteria should be within the range of 2.8 to 13.5 (red-yellow),acid value 1.42 Mg KOH/g oil, flash point 245C˚, a refractive index of 1.468, a Kinetic viscosity of 20cp, and a density of 0.9188g cm-3 comprised the physical assessment o..read more
Esraa M. Musa
- 16 Aug 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO4, AUG-2024
- Pages: 331
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A one-step activation technique for preparing activated carbon/titanium dioxide (AC-TiO2) photocatalyst was developed in this study, which achieved the expansion of activated carbon and the crystallization transition of titanium dioxide in one step. The properties of the generated materials were examined utilizing photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The optimized sample (10%AC-TiO2) has a photocatalytic efficiency of 99.8% in 60 minutes and a degradation efficiency of more than 90% after 5 cycles. According to the experiment results, the combination of AC with TiO2 a..read more
Mengdi Xu, Bayrammyrat Ovezmyradov, Huiyuan Chen, Hui Nan, Caihong Xue and Guijun Yang
- 16 Aug 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO4, AUG-2024
- Pages: 340
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: Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are used in sterilizing nanomaterials, medical products, textiles, food storage bags, and personal care products. Ag NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity due to the sustained release of free Ag. Flavokawain B (FKB) is a natural chalcone extracted from the roots of the kava-kava plant Piper methysticum. In this study, Ag NPs were synthesized by the chemical method using hydrazine hydrate and poly (vinyl alcohol) as reducing and stabilizing agents, respectively. FKB-loaded Ag NPs showed a red shift and were positioned at 421 nm, indicating Ag NPs prese..read more
Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar, Liew Syn Yee, Seema Zareen, Tayyaba Shabir and Sarosh Iqbal
- 16 Aug 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO4, AUG-2024
- Pages: 353
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A fast, simple, environmental friendly and strong sample clean-up ability method for the determination of three estrogens (17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estrone (E1), and diethylstilbestrol (DES)) in milk samples has been developed by using supramolecular solvent-based vortex-assisted hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction (SS-VA-HF-LPME) and high performance liquid chromatography. Method is based on estrogens was extracted from aqueous samples into a supramolecular solvent which were made up of n-octanol and ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM] BF4) impregnated in t..read more
Peijin Wang, Yaling Yang
- 16 Aug 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO4, AUG-2024
- Pages: 361
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: A series of Schiff base chemosensors (M1, M2 and M3) were designed and synthesized based on conjugated fuse heterocyclic aldehyde thiosemicarbazone. Optical properties of fluorescent probes M1, M2, and M3 toward various nitro explosives 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), o-nitrophenol (ONP), p-nitrophenol (PNP), phenol (PhOH) and nitromethane (NM) were investigated, M1, M2, and M3 could selectively recognize PA with an obvious color change and fluorescence quenching, even in the presence of other coexistence nitro explosives. The detection limit of M1, M2, and M3 were 1.18×10-7 M, 1.13×10-7 M, 1.09×1..read more
Tianzhu Shi, Zhengfeng Xie, Fuyong Wu, Yulong Feng, Tao Peng and Dezhi Yuan
- 16 Aug 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO4, AUG-2024
- Pages: 377
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Arum dioscoridis is a plant that has been used by people for centuries for shortness of breath, asthma, bronchitis, expectorant, intestinal laziness, digestive system, malaria and especially hemorrhoid diseases. The aims of the study are to determine the efficient extraction method by extracting the plant with different methods, to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of the extracts, and to perform in silico prediction analyzes of the active molecules of the plant. The plant was extracted using ethanol by maceration, ultrasonic wave extraction, and soxhlet extraction. The antiox..read more
Fatih Uckaya
- 16 Aug 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO4, AUG-2024
- Pages: 386
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The enaminone framework is a versatile building block used in organic synthesis. Herein, a series of β-enaminones were synthesized in good to excellent yields from the reaction of various aliphatic and aromatic primary amines with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds using common natural organic acids (lactic, malic, tartaric, citric and ascorbic acid) as green, eco-friendly and efficient catalysts under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions...read more
Omid Marvi, Sattar Arshadi and Bita Baghernejad
- 16 Aug 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO4, AUG-2024
- Pages: 400
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A new, quick and concise nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis approach has been matured to separate phytohormones involving indobutyric acid, indoleacetic acid, abscisic acid, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and gibberellin. Using a running buffer composed of 85% methyl cyanide, 0.8% 1.0 M caustic soda and 20.0 mM methanol ammonium acetate, satisfactory separation of five phytohormone standards was achieved within 4 mins. The lowest detection limit was obtained for 1-naphthaleneacetic-acid (0.06 µg/ml) and the highest for gibberellin (1.71 µg/ml). The approach has been utilized for wheat bud samples ..read more
Cunhong Li, Mingyu Ding, Yan Xu and Tianlin Zhu
- 16 Aug 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO4, AUG-2024
- Pages: 409
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Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is a significant source of environmental contamination and it has a variety of physical and chemical properties. Pollution has a wide range of effects on living creatures. It exists in varied quantities at various locations and levels in the atmosphere. Noise pollution, water pollution, chemical pollution and air pollution are all examples of environmental pollution. Air pollution has been researched in the indoor and outdoor atmospheres of the world. Over the last 40 years, many studies have studied of air particulates in different countries. This study also..read more
Syed Kamran Ajmal, Shabir Mahar, Shahzadi Sheher Bano, Iqra Mushtaq and Iqra Ahmad
- 16 Aug 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO4, AUG-2024
- Pages: 415
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