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Effective wastewater treatment for synthetic dyes is crucial for environmental sustainability attributed to the toxic nature and persistence of these pollutants. Methylene blue (MB), a widely used synthetic dye that can contribute to severe environmental concern if not properly removed from wastewater. Nanomaterials have emerged as highly efficient agents for degrading MB offering a promising solution for wastewater treatment. NaCl-SiO2 NCs were synthesized through the sol-gel method. The successful formation of the composite was also confirmed by characterization results, with X-ray Diffracti..read more
Samina Gull, Naeem Abbas, Mohsin Raza, Najma Ameer
Mian Habib-ur-Rehman Mahmood and Muhammad Hammad Khan
- 09 Oct 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO5, OCT-2026
- Pages: 452
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Food packaging is necessary for ensuring the quality and safety of food. However, production materials can migrate from packages to packaged foods if they contain residual solvents due to ink printing by-products that may have deteriorated into components with risks to human health after a certain period in time during storage. The objectives of this work were to (1) quantify prohibited and restricted residual solvents (methanol, ethylene glycol, and toluene) in flexible potato chip packaging by using validated gas chromatography; (2) determine water vapor permeability qualities with permeatio..read more
Mahnoor Mujeeb, Saad Nadeem and Shan Ali Virk
- 09 Oct 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO5, OCT-2026
- Pages: 465
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Developing photocatalysts with multidimensional conductive networks and synergistic interfaces is a promising strategy to suppress charge carrier recombination and enhance visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance. Herein, a Pt and carbon nanotube (CNT) co-modified tubular g-C3N4 photocatalyst (Pt/CNT@g-C3N4) was successfully fabricated via an electrostatic self-assembly strategy. The introduction of CNTs constructed efficient electron transport pathways, while highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles formed stable metal–semiconductor interfaces. Their synergistic coupling broadened visible-lig..read more
Junkai Wang, Jinsheng Kang, Zhenxia Huang and Jingyi Xing
- 09 Oct 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO5, OCT-2026
- Pages: 478
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In the present study, modified ZSM-5 catalysts were synthesized, characterized, and tested for their cracking activity and selectivity toward desired cracked products. The ZSM-5 zeolite was modified by aluminum impregnation to increase the acidic strength as well as by non-ionic Pluronic F127 surfactant to induce the mesoporosity in the zeolitic structure. The catalysts were characterized and their catalytic performance was evaluated in a high-pressure Parr autoclave reactor through n-hexadecane cracking. The experiments were performed at a fixed residence time of 60 min, a feed-to-catalyst ra..read more
Abdullah Ramzan and Muhammad R Usman
- 09 Oct 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO5, OCT-2026
- Pages: 493
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Graphene Oxide (GO) has garnered significant attention for its potential in biomedical applications, including wound healing, drug delivery, biosensing, cancer therapy and environmental sustainability. However, the costly fabrication and characterization methods have hindered its utilization in these applications, especially in developing countries like Pakistan, where financial and resource constraints limit access to advanced materials like GO. In this study, high-quality Graphene Oxide is successfully fabricated using a cost-effective approach utilizing modified Hummer’s method adapted to r..read more
Amna Amin Sethi, Hoorain Sajjad, Ramna Ayub, Bisma Arif, Romesa Arshad and Eraj Humayun Mirza
- 09 Oct 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO5, OCT-2026
- Pages: 504
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Lavender essential oil was well known for its pleasant scent and wide range of uses in the fragrance business. This study contrasted traditional steam distillation with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), an alternate method for extracting lavender essential oil. The extracted oil's chemical makeup, antioxidant activity, antibacterial qualities, extraction yield, and potential for perfume formulation were all examined. UAE outperformed steam distillation in terms of extraction yield at the experimental conditions used. According to GC-MS analysis, the most common volatile chemicals found in ..read more
Hafiza Rimsha Afzal, Muhammad Suleman and Freeha Hafeez
- 09 Oct 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO5, OCT-2026
- Pages: 515
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Zinc (II) phthalocyanine complex was previously obtained from the compound of 4-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenoxy)phthalonitrile and characterized by spectroscopic methods like elemental analyses, absorption, NMR and infrared spectra. In this research conducted, the interaction properties of Zn(II) phthalocyanine compound containing 4-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenoxy) substitute by calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated by absorption titration, fluorescence, viscosity, gel electrophoresis and melting temperature methods. The Kb value for this complex was found to be 2.58 (± 0.32) x106 M-1. The Kb value s..read more
Ali Arslantas and Mehmet S. Agirtas
- 09 Oct 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO5, OCT-2026
- Pages: 523
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This study presents an optimized biochemical process for extracting cellulose fibers from reed biomass (Phragmites australis) as a sustainable alternative to synthetic materials. A modified organosolv delignification method was developed and optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) to evaluate the effects of temperature (120–200 °C), ethanol–water ratio (50–70 wt%), and digestion time (1–3 h) on lignin removal. Optimal conditions (160 °C, 60:40 ethanol–water, 3 h) resulted in residual lignin content of 3% (R² = 0.9895), experimentally validated wit..read more
Yasmeen. S. Mahdi and Rawa G. Yousuf
- 09 Oct 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO5, OCT-2026
- Pages: 529
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