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The development of stable and efficient solar cells with high power conversion efficiency is a subtle challenge. To compete by attaining a decreased band gap and uplifted power conversion efficiency, five new molecules (PM1-PM5) are formulated through the synergetic engineering of the terminal acceptor. The bond angle of the molecules PM1-PM5 ranges from (0.09 – 1.78 θ◦) and the bond length (1.41 – 1.43 Å). The computed molecules highlighted promising outcomes with a lowered band gap, bathochromic shift in absorption spectra, excellent excitation phenomenon, lower exciton binding energy, promi..read more
Tahira Faiz, Haq Nawaz Bhatti, Javed Iqbal and Muhammad Yaseen
- 05 Jun 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO3, JUNE-2026
- Pages: 178
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During the period of soaking by ScCO2, ScCO2 continuously interacted with the reservoir rocks. To perform the effects of ScCO2 on the shales of the Nantun formation, clarifying the mechanisms of improving the shale oil recovery, the experiments for permeabilities were conducted in this article. The X-ray diffraction and Electron Microscopy Scanning（SEM ）were applied on the shales of the Nantun formation before and after soaking. Based on the analysis of the macroscopic and microscopic changes such as permeabilities, mineral compositions, surface morphology, and pore-throat structures, the resu..read more
Yuze Zhang, Shangming Shi and Huabin Wei
- 05 Jun 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO3, JUNE-2026
- Pages: 204
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Two Schiff bases have been synthesized in three steps: first by reacting 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid with ethanol to give ethyl 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate, which was then treated with hydrazine to give 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetohydrazide (a) in the 2nd step, and in the 3rd step, it was further reacted separately with salicylaldehyde and 4-(diethylamino)salicylaldehyde to give the final products (E)-2(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-N-(2-hydroxybenzylidine)acetohydrazide (1) and (E)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-N-(4-diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide (2). The products of each ste..read more
Aiman Siddique, Muhammad Sirajuddin, Ali Haider, Saqib Ali, Muhammad Nawaz Tahir,
Moazzam Hussain Bhatti
- 05 Jun 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO3, JUNE-2026
- Pages: 221
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In this study, firstly, two amino alcohols, namely, (2S)-2-[Benzyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-methyl-butan-1-ol (1) and (2R)-2-[Benzyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]butan-1-ol (2) were prepared in 89 and 94% yields, respectively, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Then, the catalytic activities of these amino alcohols in the reaction of diethylzinc addition to benzaldehyde and its derivatives were investigated. The catalytic activity of these amino alcohols in the diethylzinc addition reaction to benzaldehyde under the optimum conditions was determined as 96% conversion and 40%..read more
Nevin Arslan
- 05 Jun 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO3, JUNE-2026
- Pages: 246
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Cholic acid, a primary bile acid, has emerged as a versatile scaffold for novel therapeutic design due to its unique amphiphilic structure, which imparts both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics. These properties not only enable cholic acid to play essential roles in lipid absorption and cellular signaling via various receptors but also allow extensive chemical modifications that can be harnessed for drug development. Recent advances in medicinal chemistry have demonstrated that cholic acid derivatives and their conjugates can be engineered to enhance drug delivery, improve anticancer ..read more
Muhammad Hassan Butt, Kanwal Rehman, Shagufta Kamal, Amjad Hussain
and Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash
- 05 Jun 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO3, JUNE-2026
- Pages: 253
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To explore the photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties, a series of distinct para-substituted triphenylamine-based five-donor molecules (FBA1-FBA5) has been designed. The results show that the designed chromophores exhibit excellent effectiveness, with the highest red shift in the absorption spectrum, which entails appropriate photophysical attributes, high solubility, and a lower HOMO-LUMO energy gap (as a consequence of ionization potential), compared to the reported reference (FBR). The results ensure that the appropriate adjustment of the HOMO levels of HTMs enables the reduction of an ..read more
Arifa Murtaza, Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti, Javed Iqbal and Muhammad Yaseen
- 05 Jun 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO3, JUNE-2026
- Pages: 288
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The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has revolutionized the use of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in biomedical and environmental applications. Among these, copper (Cu) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles have received increasing attention due to their low cost, biocompatibility, and eco-friendly synthesis potential. While various chemical and physical synthesis routes exist, green synthesis has emerged as a sustainable and non-toxic alternative owing to its simplicity, reliability, and minimal environmental impact. This review presents a consolidated discussion of plant-mediated..read more
M. Talha Ashraf, Maham Zaheer, Maira Amjad, Iram Riaz, Syed Kamran Ali Galani,
M. Ramzan and Raphael M. Obodo
- 05 Jun 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO3, JUNE-2026
- Pages: 309
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Organic dyes are major cause of water pollution and a great threat to living organisms, animals and humans. In this study the iron oxide nanostructures (IONS) were synthesized by using Fagonia indica medicinal plant extract for photocatalytic degradation of harmful dyes. Among various synthesis methods, green synthesis is preferred because of its ecological benefits and cost effectiveness. Several techniques like UV-Visible, FTIR, SEM, XRD and DLS were used for characterization of IONS. The maximum absorption of IONS was observed at 294nm by UV –Visible spectroscopy. FTIR revealed significant ..read more
Saba Naz, S. Sasui, A. Rizwan, K. Dileep and A. Saba
- 05 Jun 2026
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 48, NO3, JUNE-2026
- Pages: 335
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