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Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have been well established and recognized for the delivery to the lungs. It provides better drug stability, less irritable, easy to use with deep penetration of drugs in the lungs. Budesonide (BDS) and formoterol fumarate dihydrate (FFD) indicated in pulmonary diseases.
The main aim of the study is to evaluate BDS, FFD and their marketed DPIs product in Pakistan were compare in quality and performance with the reference product. The particle size distribution and aerodynamic characterization were analyzed by laser diffraction and multi stage liquid impinger, respect..read more
Affan Ali, Adeel Arsalan, Saif ur Rehman Khattak and Mirza Tasawer Bai
- 14 Oct 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO5, OCT-2024
- Pages: 425
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The phosphate ore reserves in China are very large, but the overall quality is poor, and the magnesium impurity in phosphate ore is not conducive to the production of phosphorus chemical products. Recovery of sulfur dioxide from exhaust gas by phosphate slurry is a new desulfurization technology developed in recent years. During SO2 removal from flue gas by phosphate ore slurry, in phosphate ore magnesium can be simultaneously reduced. The magnesium leaching process could be described by the reaction-controlled shrinking core model. The leaching process of magnesium from phosphate ore slurry i..read more
Yu Feng, Qiong Wu, Dongdong Zhang, Shijun Fu, Haixiang Ma, Xiaoxia Long and Yonghui Li
- 14 Oct 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO5, OCT-2024
- Pages: 435
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Coal fly ash (CFA) is produced on very large scales in thermal energy plants. The recycling of coal fly ash (CFA) is essential decreasing its environmental impact. In this research, a FaL-G (coal fly ash (CFA), lime, and FGD gypsum) technology is used to reuse coal fly ash (CFA) in brick-type form. First, all of the small-grained FaL-G were dried in the oven at 60°C for 24 h. Three different combinations of coal fly ash (CFA), FGD gypsum, and lime were tested for block preparation. The blocks were treated with five conditions for hardening and drying, i.e., i. Sunlight, ii. Shade (room tempera..read more
Ahmed Faraz, Hongzhi Ma, Muhammad Imran, Sun Hongjuan, Zeng Li, Shuang Wu, Xuguang Wang, Junwei Bai and Kai Shen
- 14 Oct 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO5, OCT-2024
- Pages: 442
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The six most abundant ions present in seawater are chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na+), sulfate (SO42-), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), and potassium (K+). By weight these ions make up almost 99 percent of the salinity of sea water. Removal of these ions or desalination makes the sea water useable. In the present work migration of these common and abundantly found ions in sea water has been studied when the water samples were subjected to directional freezing vertically as well as horizontally. Water samples collected from Arabian Sea were frozen in two partially insulated devices under different ..read more
Jamil Anwar, Amara Dar, Ayesha Mohy-ud-Din and Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal
- 14 Oct 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO5, OCT-2024
- Pages: 449
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The prospective use of C24N24 fullerene in Li-, Na-, K-, and Mg-ion batteries (MIBs) was evaluated by density functional theory. The results showed that M-ion (M=Li, Na, K, and Mg) and M-atom were absorbed in the N4 cavity of C24N24 fullerene. The storage capacity of Mg-ion batteries (MgIBs) is 516 mAhg-1, which is larger than that of Li-, Na-, and K-ion batteries (LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs) with a value of 258 mAgh-1. Moreover, the cell voltages for LIBs, SIBs, PIBs, and MgIBs were calculated when C24N24 fullerene was used as the anode material. The results of the calculations are -1.75 V, -1.81 V..read more
Shuailing Ma, Junkai Wang, Zhenxia Huang and Haixin Qi
- 14 Oct 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO5, OCT-2024
- Pages: 455
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Peritoneal dialysis is a technique for blood purification and is used in chronic kidney disease. Peritonitis is a major problem linked to peritoneal dialysis which limits its utilization. Cephalosporins are extensively used for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. Cefuroxime is the second-generation cephalosporin that is used for the prevention and cure of peritonitis. The stability of cefuroxime in peritoneal dialysis solution was investigated after storage at different temperatures. Cefuroxime in different concentrations (250 mg, 750 mg and 1.5 g) was injected into the b..read more
Nosheen Tabassum, Noor ul Amin Mohsin, Humna Akram and Muhammad Shan
- 14 Oct 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO5, OCT-2024
- Pages: 462
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The molecular weight range of effective components in the aqueous extract of Angelica-Radix Hedysari (1:5) was analyzed, providing a foundation for understanding its chemical composition and pharmacodynamics. Ultrafiltration technology was used to prepare different forms of the extract, including water extract powder, ultrafiltration powder, ultrafiltration saponin component powder, and ultrafiltration polysaccharide component powder. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS) were used to analyze these extracts. Comparison between the components of Angelica-Radix Hedy..read more
Chaoqun Liu, Tao Du, Jia Wang, Xinke Zhao, Yingdong Li, Kai Liu
- 14 Oct 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO5, OCT-2024
- Pages: 474
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Fungicides play a vital role in protecting crops from fungal damage.However, fungicide re-sistance is one of the most important issues in modern agriculture. Hence, it is very neces-sary to develop new fungicides constinuously.Triazole compounds have received consider-able interest in agricultural chemistry due to a novel action mode, extremely high activity against phytopathogenic fungi, low acute toxicity to mammals, and environmentally benign characteristics. The title compound 1-(3,3-dimethyl -2-oxobutyl)-N-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide 5, synthesized using methyl 1H-1,2,4 -triazo..read more
Guang Rong Cai, Zhi Fang Li, Yan Chuan Gong, Xue Dong and Wen Su Cai
- 14 Oct 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO5, OCT-2024
- Pages: 485
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Starch, an affordable and biodegradable polymer, is commonly used for adsorbing chemical hazards like phenol. To enhance phenol adsorption, a porous aminated starch was developed through enzymatic and chemical modification. By optimizing enzymatic reaction time and temperature, the porous starch was successfully fabricated without granule collapse, resulting in a surface area increase from 0.33 m2/g to 0.81 m2/g. Amino groups were then added to the porous starch via amination, boosting phenol adsorption capability from 0.0165 g/g in native starch to 0.0198 g/g in porous aminated starch, markin..read more
Lu Ning, Xiangda Liu, Yitong Ji, Xiaojie Ren, Rui Hu, Yi Jin, Guangyuan Yang, Xueyuan Yang
- 14 Oct 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO5, OCT-2024
- Pages: 491
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[Tetrakis-(4-tritylphenoxy) phthalocyaninato] Cobalt (II) (PcCo) was previously formed via the reaction of 4-(4-tritylphenoxy)phthalonitrile. The structure of the resulting PcCo was characterized using absorption spectra, infrared and NMR spectroscopies. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) connecting feature for PcCo was inquired in the different concentration of Calf Thymus-deoxyribonucleic acid (CT-DNA) using UV/Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, gel agarose electrophoresis and thermal denaturation methods. UV/Vis spectrometer and fluorescence spectroscopy verified PcCo bounds to the DNA and the bi..read more
Ali Arslantaş and Mehmet Salih Ağırtaş
- 14 Oct 2024
- Volume Detail: VOLUME 46, NO5, OCT-2024
- Pages: 499
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