Employing alternative and renewable energy sources can help lessen Pakistan's current energy crisis. Pakistan has an abundance of renewable energy resources, which can be harnessed to store intermittent renewable energy for later use. This makes it essential for Pakistan, as well as other developing economies, to produce ammonia from renewable resources. Consequently, initiating a Pakistan Ammonia Economy depends on adding ammonia to the energy supply chain. To this end, Pakistan must incorporate ammonia into its energy roadmap by utilizing its renewable energy resources, as many nations are already doing. This study estimates the potential for various renewable resources—mostly solar, wind, and biomass—that are readily available in Pakistan. An estimate is made for producing ammonia from each of these renewable sources using different proven and emerging technologies, including electrochemical synthesis and plasma-assisted methods. Although several studies have examined energy resources in Pakistan, their use for ammonia production is still lacking. According to the findings, biomass energy is estimated to generate about 50,000 tonnes of ammonia per year, while solar energy could produce approximately 65,000 tonnes annually. The paper also includes a case study on a prototype development for green ammonia production, utilizing solar energy. The case study demonstrates a sustainable approach to ammonia synthesis, providing practical insights for implementation. The policy implications suggest the need to integrate green ammonia into Pakistan’s energy strategy, offering a pathway to reduce fossil fuel dependency and enhance energy security. However, detailed policy formulation and roadmap development are beyond the scope of this study.
Zahid Hussain, Hammad Saeed, Hafiz M Abdullah Moazzam, Hafiz Huzaifa Ramzan Butt and Masood ur Rehman