Composition, Physicochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Anti- Inflammatory Activities of the Essential Oils obtained from Ruta chalepensis. L Growing Wild in Northen of Algeria

Ruta chalepensis L is an aromatic plant belonging to Rutaceae family which is widely found in North Africa, particularly in Algeria. Our study has focused on extraction by steam distillation, physicochemical analysis, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) and biological activity of essential oils (EOs) obtained from the aerial part of this plant, collected from the region of Hamman Melouane (Blida,Algeria).The results revealed that the extraction yield was 0.4 ± 0.03 % (w/w) and a total of seventeen compounds of essential oils were identified with 2-undecanone (35.51 %), 1- decanol-2 methyl (8.62 %) and 2-dodecanone (6.86 %) appeared as dominated compounds. Results showed also that our EOS presented an adequate quality with the following parameters: acid index; 2.86, ester index; 22.44, refractive index; 1.43 and density of 0.84.In addition, our finding revealed that the extracted oils had exerted a variable antimicrobial activity. They presented a moderate inhibition zone with diameters of 25, 27 and 28 mm against Klebsila pneumoniae ATCC4352,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC2601 and Candida albicans ATCC24433 respectively.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was further investigated and it has been observed that the lowest concentration of EOs was found to be 0.03 % (v/v) against Candida albicans ATCC24433 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC2601, contrary to Klebsila pneumoniae ATCC4352 which had an MIC value of 0.125 % (v/v). Moreover, the most sensitive microorganisms to oils were Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC2601 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC9372 with a minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.06 % (v/v) and 0.125 % (v/v), respectively. Furthermore, it had exhibited a high significant anti-inflammatory activity with edema reduction rate of 53.59 % (p < 0.004).Consequently, this study highlighted that the extracted EOs could be considered as potentials anti microbial and ant-inflammatory candidates in therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications.

Khaled Boudjema, Mouhouche, A. Guerdouba and L. Hali