This review paper examines the efficiency of hydro-desulfurization catalysts in removing sulfur compounds from fuels. Specifically, the focus is on bi- and tri-metallic catalysts based on transition metal sulfides (TMS), such as Ni/Co-promoted Mo and W, which effectively eliminate sulfur from challenging compounds present in fuels. The paper is divided into three main sections, each addressing the production of diesel fuel with extremely low sulfur levels using these catalysts. The first section discusses supported catalysts, followed by self-supported or unsupported catalysts, and concludes with a brief overview of theoretical studies. Various factors that can affect the sulfur removal capacity of these catalysts are explored, including the influence of the support material, the use of inorganic and organic additives, and the preparation methods for unsupported catalysts. Based on the review, it is concluded that new experimental and theoretical approaches are necessary to enhance the hydro-desulfurization effectiveness of both supported and unsupported transition metal sulfide catalysts. These advancements are essential to meet the increasingly stringent regulations anticipated for ultra-low sulfur fuels in the future.
Aymen F. Zwain, Zaidoon M. Shakor and Bashir Y. Al-Zaidi
You can use below filter to find your desired issue